Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

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The Association between Pulmonary Functions and Incident Diabetes: Longitudinal Analysis from the Ansung Cohort in Korea (Diabetes Metab J 2020;44: 699-710): Hoon Sung Choi, Sung Woo Lee, Jin Taek Kim, Hong Kyu Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(6):944-945. Published online December 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0249

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Original Articles

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
The Association between Pulmonary Functions and Incident Diabetes: Longitudinal Analysis from the Ansung Cohort in Korea: Hoon Sung Choi, Sung Woo Lee, Jin Taek Kim, Hong Kyu Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(5):699-710. Published online April 16, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0109

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Background

We sought to explore whether reduced pulmonary function is an independent risk factor for incident diabetes in Koreans.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of pulmonary function as a risk factor for incident diabetes using 10-year follow-up data from 3,864 middle-aged adults from the Ansung cohort study in Korea. The incidence of diabetes was assessed using both oral glucose tolerance tests and glycosylated hemoglobin levels.

Results

During 37,118 person-years of follow-up, 583 participants developed diabetes (incidence rate: 15.7 per 1,000 person-years). The mean follow-up period was 8.0±3.7 years. Forced vital capacity (FVC; % predicted) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁; % predicted) were significantly correlated with incident diabetes in a graded manner after adjustment for sex, age, smoking, exercise, and metabolic parameters. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval (CI) for diabetes were 1.408 (1.106 to 1.792) and 1.469 (1.137 to 1.897) in the first quartiles of FVC and FEV₁, respectively, when compared with the highest quartile. Furthermore, the FVC of the lowest first and second quartiles showed a significantly higher 10-year panel homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, with differences of 0.095 (95% CI, 0.010 to 0.018; P=0.028) and 0.127 (95% CI, 0.044 to 0.210; P=0.003), respectively, when compared to the highest quartiles.

Conclusion

FVC and FEV₁ are independent risk factors for developing diabetes in Koreans. Pulmonary factors are possible risk factors for insulin resistance and diabetes.

Citations

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Validation of the Framingham Diabetes Risk Model Using Community-Based KoGES Data
Hye Ah Lee, Hyesook Park, Young Sun Hong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Independent and combined associations of multiple-heavy-metal exposure with lung function: a population-based study in US children
Yiting Chen, Anda Zhao, Rong Li, Wenhui Kang, Jinhong Wu, Yong Yin, Shilu Tong, Shenghui Li, Jianyu Chen
Environmental Geochemistry and Health.2023; 45(7): 5213. CrossRef
Role of Pulmonary Function in Predicting New-Onset Cardiometabolic Diseases and Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity
Guochen Li, Yanqiang Lu, Yanan Qiao, Die Hu, Chaofu Ke
Chest.2022; 162(2): 421. CrossRef
Reduced lung function predicts risk of incident type 2 diabetes: insights from a meta-analysis of prospective studies
Yunping Zhou, Fei Meng, Min Wang, Linlin Li, Pengli Yu, Yunxia Jiang
Endocrine Journal.2022; 69(3): 299. CrossRef
Development of Various Diabetes Prediction Models Using Machine Learning Techniques
Juyoung Shin, Jaewon Kim, Chanjung Lee, Joon Young Yoon, Seyeon Kim, Seungjae Song, Hun-Sung Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(4): 650. CrossRef
Improving Machine Learning Diabetes Prediction Models for the Utmost Clinical Effectiveness
Juyoung Shin, Joonyub Lee, Taehoon Ko, Kanghyuck Lee, Yera Choi, Hun-Sung Kim
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(11): 1899. CrossRef
The Association between Pulmonary Functions and Incident Diabetes: Longitudinal Analysis from the Ansung Cohort in Korea (Diabetes Metab J 2020;44: 699-710)
Hoon Sung Choi, Sung Woo Lee, Jin Taek Kim, Hong Kyu Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(6): 944. CrossRef
The Association between Pulmonary Functions and Incident Diabetes: Longitudinal Analysis from the Ansung Cohort in Korea (Diabetes Metab J 2020;44: 699-710)
Jin Hwa Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(6): 940. CrossRef

Fracture Incidence and Risk of Osteoporosis in Female Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Korea: Jong Kwan Jung, Hyo Jeong Kim, Hong Kyu Lee, Sang Soo Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Jin Taek Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2012;36(2):144-150. Published online April 17, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2012.36.2.144

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Background

There are no published data regarding fracture risk in type 2 diabetic patients in Korea. In this study, we compared the fracture incidence and risk of osteoporosis of type 2 diabetic female patients with those in a non-diabetic hypertensive cohort.

Methods

The incidence of fracture in a type 2 diabetic cohort was compared with that in a non-diabetic hypertensive cohort over the course of 7 years. Female type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic hypertensive patients who visited Eulji General Hospital outpatient clinic from January 2004 to April 2004 were assigned to the diabetic cohort and the non-diabetic hypertensive cohort, respectively. Surveys on fracture event, use of anti-osteoporosis medications, and bone mineral density were performed.

Results

The number of fractures was 88 in the female diabetic cohort (n=1,268, 60.6±11.5 years) and 57 in the female non-diabetic hypertensive cohort (n=1,014, 61.4±11.7 years). The RR in the diabetic cohort was 1.38 (P=0.064; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.94) when adjusted for age. Diabetic patients with microvascular complications (61.0%) showed a higher RR of 1.81 (P=0.014; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.92) compared with those without these complications. The prevalence of osteoporosis was comparable between the groups, while use of anti-osteoporosis medication was more common in the diabetic cohort (12.8%) than in the hypertensive cohort (4.5%) (P<0.001).

Conclusion

In our study, a higher fracture risk was observed in female type 2 diabetics with microvascular complications. Special concern for this risk group is warranted.

Citations

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Jiaqing Dou, Jing Wang, Qiu Zhang
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The risk of hip and non-vertebral fractures in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis update
Tatiane Vilaca, Marian Schini, Susan Harnan, Anthea Sutton, Edith Poku, Isabel E. Allen, Steven R. Cummings, Richard Eastell
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Joanna Dytfeld, Michał Michalak
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Risk of low-energy fracture in type 2 diabetes patients: a meta-analysis of observational studies
P. Jia, L. Bao, H. Chen, J. Yuan, W. Liu, F. Feng, J. Li, H. Tang
Osteoporosis International.2017; 28(11): 3113. CrossRef
Comorbidity and its relationship with health service use and cost in community-living older adults with diabetes: A population-based study in Ontario, Canada
Kathryn Fisher, Lauren Griffith, Andrea Gruneir, Dilzayn Panjwani, Sima Gandhi, Li (Lisa) Sheng, Amiram Gafni, Patterson Chris, Maureen Markle-Reid, Jenny Ploeg
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Yong Jun Choi, Yoon-Sok Chung
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Ann V. Schwartz
Bone.2016; 82: 2. CrossRef
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Kwang Joon Kim, Yong-Ki Min, Jung-Min Koh, Yoon-Sok Chung, Kyoung Min Kim, Dong-Won Byun, In Joo Kim, Mikyung Kim, Sung-Soo Kim, Kyung Wan Min, Ki Ok Han, Hyoung Moo Park, Chan Soo Shin, Sung Hee Choi, Jong Suk Park, Dong Jin Chung, Ji Oh Mok, Hong Sun Ba
Yonsei Medical Journal.2014; 55(3): 715. CrossRef
Increased Risk of Fracture and Postfracture Adverse Events in Patients With Diabetes: Two Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Studies
Chien-Chang Liao, Chao-Shun Lin, Chun-Chuan Shih, Chun-Chieh Yeh, Yi-Cheng Chang, Yuan-Wen Lee, Ta-Liang Chen
Diabetes Care.2014; 37(8): 2246. CrossRef
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Kwang Joon Kim, Kyoung Min Kim, Kyeong Hye Park, Han Seok Choi, Yumie Rhee, Yong Ho Lee, Bong Soo Cha, Myong Jin Kim, Sun Min Oh, J. Keenan Brown, Sung Kil Lim
Calcified Tissue International.2012; 91(6): 370. CrossRef

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Positive Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody: Yul Hwangbo, Jin Taek Kim, Eun Ky Kim, Ah Reum Khang, Tae Jung Oh, Hak Chul Jang, Kyong Soo Park, Seong Yeon Kim, Hong Kyu Lee, Young Min Cho; Diabetes Metab J. 2012;36(2):136-143. Published online April 17, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2012.36.2.136

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Background

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) refers to a specific type of diabetes characterized by adult onset, presence of islet auto-antibodies, insulin independence at the time of diagnosis, and rapid decline in β-cell function. The prevalence of LADA among patients with type 2 diabetes varies from 2% to 20% according to the study population. Since most studies on the prevalence of LADA performed in Korea were conducted in patients who had been tested for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADAb), a selection bias could not be excluded. In this study, we examined the prevalence and clinical characteristics of LADA among adult patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We included 462 patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within 5 years from the time this study was performed. We measured GADAb, fasting insulin level, fasting C-peptide level, fasting plasma glucose level, HbA1c, and serum lipid profiles and collected data on clinical characteristics.

Results

The prevalence of LADA was 4.3% (20/462) among adult patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Compared with the GADAb-negative patients, the GADAb-positive patients had lower fasting C-peptide levels (1.2±0.8 ng/mL vs. 2.0±1.2 ng/mL, P=0.004). Other metabolic features were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion

The prevalence of LADA is 4.3% among Korean adult patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The Korean LADA patients exhibited decreased insulin secretory capacity as reflected by lower C-peptide levels.

Citations

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Deepika Ramu, Selvaraj Ramaswamy, Suresh Rao, Solomon F. D. Paul
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Vahid Pouresmaeil, Sarmad Mashayekhi, Mohammad Sarafraz Yazdi
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2022; 21(1): 181. CrossRef
Recent information on test utilization and intraindividual change in anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody in Korea: a retrospective study
Rihwa Choi, Wonseo Park, Gayoung Chun, Jiwon Lee, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care.2022; 10(3): e002739. CrossRef
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Anselmo M. Manisha, Aminiel R. Shangali, Sayoki G. Mfinanga, Erasto V. Mbugi
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Journal of Diabetes.2020; 12(2): 110. CrossRef
Long‐term effects on glycaemic control and β‐cell preservation of early intensive treatment in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A multicentre randomized trial
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Gozashti Mohammad Hossein, Shafiei Maryam, Esmaeilian Saeed, Najafipour Hamid, Mashrouteh Mahdieh
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2015; 9(2): 104. CrossRef
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A. Sachan, G. Zaidi, R. P. Sahu, S. Agrawal, P. G. Colman, E. Bhatia
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Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2013; 29(6): 507. CrossRef
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Increasing Trend in the Number of Severe Hypoglycemia Patients in Korea: Jin Taek Kim, Tae Jung Oh, Ye An Lee, Jun Ho Bae, Hyo Jeong Kim, Hye Seung Jung, Young Min Cho, Kyong Soo Park, Soo Lim, Hak Chul Jang, Hong Kyu Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(2):166-172. Published online April 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.2.166

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Background

To investigate whether the number of subjects with severe hypoglycemia who are brought to a hospital emergency department is increasing and to identify whether there have been changes in the demographic and clinical characteristics of those subjects.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Emergency Departments of two general hospitals in Seoul, Korea. We included data from all adult subjects with type 2 diabetes who presented to an emergency department with severe hypoglycemia between January 1, 2004 and December 30, 2009.

Results

A total of 740 cases of severe hypoglycemia were identified. The mean subject age was 69±12 years, mean duration of diabetes was 13.8±9.3 years, and 53.2% of subjects were receiving insulin therapy. We observed a sharp rise in the number of cases between 2006 and 2007. Stages 3-5 chronic kidney disease was diagnosed in 31.5% of subjects, and low C-peptide levels (<0.6 ng/mL) were found in 25.5%. The mean subject age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c level, and renal and insulin secretory function values did not change significantly during the study period. The proportion of glimepiride use increased, while use of gliclazide decreased among sulfonylurea users. Use of insulin analogues increased, while use of NPH/RI decreased among insulin users.

Conclusion

We identified a sharp increase in the number of subjects with severe hypoglycemia presenting to an emergency room since 2006. The clinical characteristics of these subjects did not change markedly during the study period. Nationwide studies are warranted to further clarify this epidemic of severe hypoglycemia.

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Association Between Volume of Bowls and the Dietary Intakes in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes.: Hee Jung Ahn, Bo Kyung Koo, Ji Yeon Jung, Hwi Ryun Kwon, Mi Yeon Chung, Yun Hyi Ku, Jin Taek Kim, Kyung Ah Han, Kyung Wan Min; Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(4):335-343. Published online August 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.4.335

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BACKGROUND
The results of previous studies suggest that portion size is a major factor dictating dietary energy intake. We investigated the relationship between frequencies of rice meals, bowl volumes, and dietary energy intake in a sample of patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 203 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled in the study. A one-week food diary was collected from each patient and used to assess the types of meal consumed as well as the context of consumption. The volumes of the eating vessels (rice, soup and side dish bowls) used by each patient were obtained by comparisons to measuring cylinders, and dietary energy and macronutrient intake were estimated for each patient by consulting three-day dietary records. RESULTS: The mean age of the 203 subjects (male: 76, female: 127) was 53.9 +/- 9.1 years and the average body mass index (BMI) was 25.6 +/- 4.2 kg/m2. Among the subjects who ate three times per day, 96.4% consumed rice more than twice out of three meals. The median volume of rice bowls used by patients was 350 cc, of soup bowls was 530 cc and of side dish bowls was 260 cc. Portion size, as estimated by rice bowl volume, was not associated with BMI. Male subjects tended to eat out of larger rice and soup bowls (P < 0.001). Portion size was correlated with energy intake from rice (P = 0.021), but not with total energy intake (kcal/kg/day), especially in male subjects. CONCLUSION: Portion size of rice bowl was correlated with energy intake from rice, but not with total energy intake in male subjects with type 2 diabetes. To design effective meal planning methods for patients with type 2 diabetes, further prospective studies are warranted to investigate causative relationships between portion size andmetabolic conditions as well as variation by gender.

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